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Objective:To observe the epidemiological characteristics and transmission chain of COVID-19 in Harbin, and to provide epidemiological evidence for improving the COVID-19 preventive measures and optimizing prevention and control strategies.Methods:The epidemic situation of COVID-19 in Harbin in January 2021 was analyzed by using the Infectious Disease Report Information Management System and the Public Health Emergency Management Information System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, the epidemic situation information publicly released by the Heilongjiang Provincial Health Commission, and the epidemiological report of Heilongjiang Province Certer for Disease Control and Prevention and Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The main transmission chains were sorted out through combination of epidemiological field investigation, serological testing, gene sequencing, big data and other means.Results:From January 12 to February 4, 2021, 295 cases of COVID-19 infection (including confirmed cases and asymptomatic infections) were reported in Harbin, which affected 6 districts of Harbin and were concentrated in 41 of the 274 townships in the city. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.00∶1.12 (139∶156); the age ranged from 1 to 86 years old, and the median age was 45 years old. The proportion of confirmed cases and asymptomatic infection was 1.00 ∶ 1.02 (146 ∶ 149), and there was a significant difference in the distribution of different ages between them ( P = 0.042). The cases were mainly found through the health screening of the centralized isolation personnel (178 cases, 60.3%). Other detection methods included active screening (87 cases, 29.5%), screening of the home isolation personnel (26 cases, 8.8%), and medical treatment in medical institutions (4 cases, 1.4%). The main transmission chain of the outbreak was the case associated with a food processing enterprise, with a total of 259 cases, accounting for 87.8% of the total cases. The gene sequencing results showed that the case sequence was homologous with that of Wangkui County, Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province. Conclusions:A food processing enterprise is involved in the main transmission chain, which indicates that the epidemic prevention and control measures needs to be further optimized. Specifically, the supervision and management of food processing enterprises, cold chain storage companies and other enterprises should be strengthened. High attention should be paid to the hidden dangers of COVID-19 in large and medium sized enterprises with hermetic space in Harbin.
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Objective:To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphism at the estrogen receptor 1(ESR1) gene rs1801132 with the risk of brick-tea type skeletal fluorosis.Methods:The typical brick-tea type fluorosis areas in Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia were selected as the survey sites for a cross-sectional study. An epidemiological questionnaire was conducted by the staffs on the sites for participants older than 16 years, and physical examination and X-ray diagnosis were performed. Brick tea, blood, and urine samples were collected at the same time. The diagnosis of skeletal fluorosis through X-ray was based on the "Diagnostic Criteria for Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis" (WS/T 192-2008); The determination of tea's fluoride and urinary fluoride was performed by fluoride ion-selective electrode method; gene sequencing analysis of rs1801132 locus of ESR1 gene was done by Sequenom MassARRAY flight mass spectrometry system.Results:A total of 994 patients were included in this study. The total prevalence of skeletal fluorosis was 23.9% (238/994). The prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in Tibetans(39.9%, 123/308) was higher than those of Mongolian and Han nationality [22.2% (58/261), 13.4% (57/425), χ 2=20.435, 67.811, P < 0.05]. Based on binary logistic analysis, the daily tea fluoride intake ≤ 3.5 mg, urinary fluoride content ≤1.6 mg/L, and age ≤45 years were used as the reference groups, and then, when the daily tea fluoride intake > 7.0 mg ( OR=2.865, 95% CI: 1.923-4.268), urinary fluoride content > 1.6-3.2 mg/L ( OR=2.368, 95% CI: 1.686-3.326) and > 3.2 mg/L ( OR=3.559, 95% CI: 2.401-5.276), the age > 45-65 years old ( OR=2.361, 95% CI: 1.603-3.477) and > 65 years old ( OR=4.556, 95% CI: 2.845-7.296), the risk of fluorosis was higher than that of the reference group, respectively. When the daily tea fluoride intake was > 3.5-7.0 mg and the level of urinary fluoride was > 1.6-3.2 mg/L, G allele had a protective effect on skeletal fluorosis in Mongolian population (adjusted OR=0.207, 95% CI: 0.044-0.974); when the daily tea fluoride intake was > 3.5-7.0 mg, gender was male group, G allele had a protective effect on skeletal fluorosis in Han population (adjusted OR=0.315, 95% CI: 0.112-0.887). Conclusion:The single nucleotide polymorphism of the rs1801132 locus at the ESR1 gene may be associated with the risk of susceptibility to brick-tea type skeletal fluorosis in Mongolian and Han nationality.
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Objective To explore the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with tumor markers in benign and malignant ovarian tumors.Methods The clinical data of 100 patients with ovarian tumors treated in our hospital from May 2016 to May 2017 were analyzed retrospectively.The parameters of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for benign and malignant ovarian tumors were analyzed.The levels of tumor markers were measured and the ultrasound imaging was analyzed.Analysis of the detection rate of benign and malignant ovarian tumors by contrast-enhanced ultrasound alone or in combination with tumor markers.Results Compared with benign ovarian tumors,ovarian malignant tumors have the characteristics of uneven enhancement,early onset and peak time of contrast enhancement,and higher rate of enhancement (P ＜ 0.05);compared with benign ovarian tumors,serum CA125 and CA199 levels in patients with ovarian malignant tumors were higher,with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The detection rates of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with tumor markers were higher than those of ultrasound or tumor markers alone,and were in accordance with pathological criteria.Conclusions The application of combined contrast-enhanced ultrasound and tumor markers in the diagnosis of ovarian benign and malignant tumors has a high detection rate,can significantly improve the accuracy of clinical detection,and provide a strong basis for treatment.
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Arsenic is a pollutant widely distributed in the natural environment.The liver is one of the main target organs of arsenic toxicity.Arsenic causes liver damage and liver disease by affecting the imbalance of hepatocyte apoptosis.However,its specific mechanism is not very clear.In this paper,the research on pathways and influencing factors of arsenic-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in recent years is reviewed,which might provide a reference for the mechanism study and clinical prevention of liver injury in the future.
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Objective To explore the distribution of serum Mg,A1,Ca,Fe,Zn and Cu ions in Tibetan population in drinking tea type fluorosis areas,and to provide a clue for pathogenesis of drinking tea type fluorosis.Methods Tibetans from six villages in Qinghai Province (Maqin County and Dari County),who were over 16 years old,born and grew up in those villages,were included.All of the participants were received epidemic questionnaire survey,tea water samples were collected and the fluoride concentration was tested based on the standard of Brick Tea Fluoride Content (GB 19965-2005).Meanwhile,the daily amount of brick tea consumption was surveyed to calculate the daily intake of tea fluoride.Blood samples were collected and the concentration of serum Mg,Al,Ca,Fe,Zn and Cu ions was tested by the method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).All of the participants were diagnosed by X-ray,the parts we scheduled were forearm,shank and pelvic,then the skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Endemic Fluorosis (WS/T 192-2008).Results A total of 170 people were surveyed,74 people were skeletal fluorosis,and 96 people were non-skeletal fluorosis.The median (quartiles) of daily intake of tea fluoride was 7.35 (3.00,12.30) mg.The concentration of serum Mg ion was 22.02 (17.30,23.67) mg/L,Al ion was 0.22 (0.14,0.38) mg/L,Ca ion was 100.03 (88.56,112.73) mg/L,Fe ion was 1.66 (1.26,2.36) mg/L,Zn ion was 0.80 (0.63,0.95) mg/L and Cu ion was 1.28 (0.99,1.48) mg/L.The concentration of serum Fe ion was higher in male [2.13 (1.37,3.09) mg/L] than that of female [1.56 (1.18,2.02) mg/L,Z =3.28,P ＜ 0.01].The concentration of serum Mg,Ca,Cu and Zn ions in ≥70 years old group was 15.09 (13.64,24.13),68.67 (58.67,97.24),0.97 (0.72,1.34),and 0.54 (0.48,0.74) mg/L,respectively,which was lower than those in ＜ 40 years old group [21.67 (20.08,22.76),98.71 (90.77,113.97),1.35 (1.21,1.71),and 0.78 (0.73,1.01) mg/L],the differences were statistically significant (Z =2.26,2.99,3.01,3.34,P ＜ 0.05).Fe ion in 40-49 years old group was 1.77 (1.45,3.02) mg/L,in 50-59 years old group was 1.92 (1.44,2.66) mg/L,both of them were higher than those of ＜ 40 years old group [1.34 (0.94,1.57) mg/L,Z =-3.25,-2.89,P ＜ 0.05].People whose daily intake of tea fluoride over 4 mg had a lower concentration of Ca ion [98.22 (75.48,111.22) mg/L] than people whose daily intake of tea fluoride ＜ 2 mg [110.24 (97.50,113.97) mg/L,Z =2.41,P ＜ 0.05].No significant difference was found between different degrees of skeletal fluorosis and non-skeletal fluorosis (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In the Tibetans who lived in the drinking tea type fluorosis areas,the concentration of serum Mg,A1,Ca,Fe,Zn and Cu ions is similar between skeletal fluorosis and non-skeletal fluorosis,which is also similar between higher daily intake of tea fluoride and lower daily intake of tea fluoride.However,it is different between older people and younger people.
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ObjectiveTo find out the quality of life of inhabitants living in endemic arsenism areas after drinking-water improvement and related influencing factors.MethodsCase group ( 118 people) of arsenicosis,and control group (237 people ) of nearby residents without arsenicosis in endemic arsenic areas after drinking-water improvement in Shanxi and Inner Mongolia and outside control group(116 people) not exposed to arsenic in nearby non-arsenic areas were selected to be interviewed using homogeneous validity and reliability of the World Health Organization quality of life(WHOQOL-BREF,Chinese Version) in 2010,and physical health,psychological,social relationships,environment scores and total score were calculated,respectively.Covariance analysis was used to find out the real difference in the three groups and multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors on quality of life.Results The scores of physical health,psychological,social relationships,environment and total score of case group were ( 12.14 ± 2.68),( 12.18 ± 2.22),( 14.81 ± 2.24),(11.33 ± 1.92),(69.27 ± 16.23) points,respectively,and those of internal control group were ( 13.39 ± 2.67),( 12.80 ± 1.88 ),( 15.16 ± 1.80),( 11.72 ± 1.62),(75.49 ± 14.50) points,respectively,those of control group were (13.91 ± 254),(13.67 ± 2.14),(15.07 ± 1.36),(12.64 ± 1.68),(78.41 ± 12.03) points,respectively.Them was significant difference in physical health,psychological,environment scores and total score among the three groups(F =7.57,10.74,13.44,10.77,all P ＜ 0.05),of which case group was significantly lower than those of the inside and outside control group(all P ＜0.01 ),while in the control group the psychological and environment scores were lower than those of the external control group(all P ＜ 0.01 ).Health,whether-or-not arsenicosis patient,annual per capita income,age and sex were influential factors of quality of life among inhabitants living in endemic arsenism areas after drinking-water improvement (all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Quality of life among inhabitants living in endemic arsenism areas after drinking-water improvement is lower than residents of non-arsenic areas.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of qianggu electuary (QGE), a Chinese herbal preparation, on ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Female Wistar rats were ovariectomized and administered QGE, calcium gluconate (CG) and longmu zhuanggu granules (LMZG) for 12 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD), indexes of biomechanics and serum E2, Ca were detected in grouped rats including QGE, CG, LMZG and control groups.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>QGE could significantly increase the BMD and maximum load, maximum stress YP-load of femora in the osteoporotic rats. The values of E2 in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats decreased, compared with those of control normal rats (P > 0.05), while in the QGE treated rats, the values of E2 increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>QGE can increase the BMD and improve indexes of bone biomechanics in ovariectomized osteopotic rats, possibly due to its estrogen-like effect.</p>